Rétrospective : Comment se sont comportées les entreprises ayant fait leur IPO en 2014 au fil des années ?

The year 2014 witnessed a remarkable wave of initial public offerings that brought numerous brands to public markets. Among the companies that had their IPO in 2014 were household names like Zendesk, TrueCar, GoPro, Grubhub, and Synchrony Financial, alongside China’s e-commerce giant Alibaba, which marked the largest IPO in U.S. history at the time. Nearly a decade later, the performance trajectories of these public market debutants reveal fascinating contrasts—from astronomical gains to devastating losses, and everything in between.

The Exceptional Winners: Outperforming Expectations

Some companies that launched on the public market in 2014 delivered returns that rewarded early investors handsomely.

Zendesk stands out as the clear winner. The software-as-a-service company started trading at just $9 per share on May 15, 2014, and by 2022 had surged to approximately $76, representing a remarkable +741% return. The enterprise-level customer service and help desk management platform found strong market demand, establishing itself as a leader in cloud-based business solutions. Even as the broader market faced headwinds in subsequent years, investors who bet on Zendesk during its IPO in 2014 saw their initial investment multiply substantially.

Ultragenyx also delivered solid returns at +90%. The biopharmaceutical company, which launched at $21 on January 30, 2014, climbed to nearly $40 by the early 2020s. Its specialization in groundbreaking treatments for rare and ultra-rare genetic diseases carved out a unique and increasingly valuable niche in medicine, positioning it well in the gene therapy sector.

Strategic Exits: Acquired Before Reaching Peak Value

Acquisition represented a significant outcome for certain companies that went public in 2014.

Virgin America embodied this trajectory. The budget airline, partly owned by billionaire Richard Branson, debuted at $23 per share on November 13, 2014. However, rather than remain public, Alaska Air Group acquired Virgin America in 2016 for $2.6 billion, paying shareholders $57 per share in cash—more than double the IPO price. While shareholders experienced gains, the company never achieved independent long-term public market performance.

Grubhub took a different path. The online food delivery platform launched with significant fanfare on April 4, 2014, at $26 per share after a successful decade as a private company. Following the pandemic-driven surge in food delivery adoption, Grubhub remained among the sector’s leaders, though it trailed DoorDash significantly. The company’s parent, Just Eat Takeaway.com, eventually delisted from Nasdaq in early 2022 to streamline operations and reduce management burden. By this point, Grubhub had never returned to its IPO price level.

Modest Gains: Steady Performance with Market Headwinds

Synchrony Financial, a major private-label credit card provider, launched at $23 on July 31, 2014, and delivered a respectable +23% return by 2022. The company reached an all-time high exceeding $52 per share in 2021 before declining along with broader market conditions. Despite pullbacks, analysts remained generally bullish on its long-term prospects given consumer credit trends and rising interest rates.

Alibaba, despite being the largest IPO of 2014 at $68 per share on September 19, showed surprisingly modest performance. The Chinese e-commerce juggernaut initially thrived, particularly during pandemic-driven online shopping booms, with shares peaking above $300. However, regulatory challenges from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and delisting risks severely pressured valuations. By 2022, the stock traded barely above its original IPO price at approximately $79, representing only +16% returns. This experience highlighted regulatory and geopolitical risks affecting international listings.

Steep Declines: From Promise to Struggle

Several companies that had their IPO in 2014 faced significant challenges.

GoPro, the wearable sports camera manufacturer, represents a classic case of initial promise followed by steady deterioration. Debuting at $24 on June 25, 2014, the stock collapsed to just $4.99 by 2022—a devastating -79% decline. The company’s inability to maintain competitive advantage despite strong product design exemplified how hardware manufacturers face continuous pressure from improving smartphone capabilities. However, a pivot toward subscription services offering product discounts, cloud storage, and livestreaming capabilities sparked some investor interest.

LendingClub embodied another cautionary tale. The online peer-to-peer lending platform launched at $15 on December 10, 2014, and initially skyrocketed to over $120 per share within days, processing over $1 billion in gross proceeds. This spectacular early surge proved unsustainable. By 2022, the stock had declined to $11.12, representing a -26% loss from IPO price. Nevertheless, some analysts maintained “buy” ratings, citing potential long-term recovery.

Coupons.com, which rebranded to Quotient Technology, experienced the steepest decline. Starting at $16 on March 7, 2014, shares climbed to $30 on its first trading day, reflecting investor enthusiasm for digital coupon technology. However, the business model proved less durable than anticipated. By 2022, the company—now trading under the NYSE ticker QUOT—had collapsed to just $2.12, representing an -87% loss. The transition from an innovative concept to a struggling legacy service illustrated how rapidly digital market leaders can fade.

TrueCar, the online automotive marketplace, suffered a similar fate. Its $9 IPO on May 16, 2014, raised only $70 million—below company expectations. After peaking above $25 in September 2014, shares plummeted to $1.61 by 2022, a -82% decline. Despite partnerships with major retailers and credit institutions, the company struggled to compete in a rapidly consolidating automotive sales landscape.

Key Takeaways for Future Investors

The 2014 cohort of IPO companies illustrates several timeless investment lessons. Success stories like Zendesk demonstrate that identifying strong business models in growing markets can deliver exceptional returns. However, companies like GoPro and TrueCar show how initial success does not guarantee long-term viability, particularly against technological disruption and intensifying competition.

The regulatory challenges faced by Alibaba underscore that geopolitical factors can significantly impact international investments. Meanwhile, acquisitions like Virgin America’s purchase prove that solid near-term returns can occur without extensive public market participation.

For investors considering IPO opportunities, this 2014 retrospective suggests that thorough fundamental analysis, competitive positioning, and long-term market potential matter far more than opening-day momentum. Some companies that went public in 2014 rewarded patient investors handsomely, while others served as expensive lessons in market dynamics.

Note: Data referenced reflects conditions as of September 2022 and does not constitute investment advice. Stock prices and market conditions have evolved significantly since publication.