Russia's space industry faces challenges: Soyuz 5 program postponed again, multiple issues at Baikonur Cosmodrome

As international competition in space development intensifies, Russia’s Soyuz 5 rocket project has once again postponed its launch due to the need for additional verification. This program was supposed to compete with SpaceX’s commercial space ventures but has faced delays spanning several years.

Continuous Technical Challenges at Baikonur Cosmodrome

Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan has served as the central hub for Russia’s space activities, but in recent months, multiple serious issues have arisen. In late November, the launch facility itself was damaged during the operation of a crewed transport rocket, forcing a temporary halt to crewed flight programs. According to Roscosmos (Russia’s state space agency), the completion of repair work is scheduled for the end of February 2026, representing a 12-month delay from the original plan.

Adding to the complications was the incident on November 27 involving the launch failure of the Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft. A mechanical failure in the service module caused this accident, leading to an immediate suspension of all crewed missions to the International Space Station (ISS).

Reasons Behind Multiple Delays of the Soyuz 5 Project

Initially, the first launch of Soyuz 5 was scheduled for late 2024 from the Vostok complex, a joint venture between Russia and Kazakhstan. However, it was later revealed that additional verification of onboard equipment and ground infrastructure was necessary, prompting ongoing re-evaluation by relevant agencies. The new launch date will be determined after all testing is completed and final adjustments are made by program officials.

The project itself has faced difficulties for many years. Following the annexation of Crimea in 2014, Western sanctions severely restricted access to advanced technologies and components essential for Russia’s space system development. Subsequently, the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 further intensified sanctions, significantly hampering Russia’s space industry’s ability to continue technological innovation.

Challenges with Proton M Series Also Emerge

Problems have also arisen with the Proton M rocket series, which has been a backbone for commercial and government satellite launches. The scheduled launch from Baikonur Cosmodrome on December 15 was not carried out.

However, some progress has been made. On December 25, a Soyuz 2.1a rocket successfully launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, and another Soyuz launch is scheduled from Vostochny Cosmodrome on December 28.

Impact on International Credibility

These consecutive technical setbacks cast doubt on Russia’s ability to contribute to the ISS and undermine its position as a reliable partner in crewed spaceflight. Restrictions on technology access and equipment issues are increasingly challenging Russia’s ability to maintain its competitiveness as a former space superpower.